July 14-17, 2025 | Lake Mary, FL
Instructor: Michael J. Wright, PE
Course Credits: 32 CEHs and 32 NETA CTDs – The Power Systems Seminars have been approved by the Florida Board of Professional Engineers for CEHs.
Overview: Power Systems 101 has been specifically developed for engineers, engineering technicians, and field relay technicians. This class provides attendees with a strong basis of knowledge in relay protection philosophy and design theory.
Target Participants
- Entry level transmission and distribution protection and controls engineers and technicians
- Engineers in adjacent fields (system studies, transmission lines, physical substation, SCADA)
- Utility project managers and substation equipment technicians
Course Outline
Substation Layouts & Protection Zone Diagrams
- Transmission System Overview
- Types of Generation
- What Is a Fault?
- Substation Layouts
- Protection Zone Diagrams
- Functional Diagram Exercise
Hands-on Functional Diagram
- Line Protection
- Bus Protection
- Transformer Protection
- Breaker Failure
- Lockouts
Current Transformers
- CT Basics
- Ratios
- CT Classes T&C
- CT Ratings
- Saturation Current and Curves
- Equivalent Circuits
- CT Testing
- IEEE Standards
Breaker Control
- Mechanical Operation
- Trip circuits
- Close Circuits
- Anti-Pump Circuits
- Reclosing
- Specifications and Ratings
- Alarms
- IEEE Standards
Differential
- Bus Differentials
- KCL Theory
- Differential CT Circuits
- Calculating Current In Differential Circuits
- Mismatched CTs
- Rolled CTs
- CT Polarity
- High Impedance Differential Application
- IEEE Standards
Transformer Protection
- Transformer Theory
- Equivalent Circuit
- Types of Transformers
- Transformer Losses
- Transformer Ratings
- Tap Changes
- IEEE Standards
Line Protection
- Physical Characteristics of Transmission Lines
- Mho Circle
- Theory of Impedance Protection
- Zones of Protection
- POTT, PUTT, DCB, & DCUB End-to-End Schemes
- Reliability and Security
- IEEE Standards
Breaker Failure
- Breaker Failure Initiates
- Current Requirements
- Breaker Position
- Critical Clearing Time
- System Stability
- Various Breaker Failure Logic Schemes
- Trip and Lockout Theory
- IEEE Standards
