TBD 2024
Course Overview Webinar: We had a successful 2023 seminar! Looking forward to this seminar in 2024.
Instructor: Patrick Buchanan
Course Credits: 24 CEHs and 24 CTDs – The Power Systems Seminars have been approved by the Florida Board of Professional Engineers for CEHs.
Applying Trig Functions to the World of Relays
- Trig Functions Used for Meter and Relay Calculations
- Law of Sines Used to Find The Boundary of a Lens Characteristic
- Law of Cosines Used to Find “Delta-V” In Sync Check Relays
Introduction to Basic Logic Functions
- AND Gate and Its Equivalent Circuit
- OR Gate and Its Equivalent Circuit
- NOT Gate and Its Equivalent Circuit
Discovering Transformers
- Polarity of Transformers
- Current Transformers
- VA of Transformers is the same on HV and LV Sides
- 87T Relay Schemes need to compensate for equal VA on both sides of the Transformer
- Delta-Y or Y-Delta Transformers Have a 30 Degree Shift, where does it come from?
- 87T Relay Schemes need to compensate for that 30 Degree Shift
Quadrant Diagrams, Math Operators and Directionality
- When to use X-Y Diagrams
- When to use R-X Diagrams
- When to use P-Q Diagrams
- Discussion of Power System Events and Faults
Converting Values for Relay Tests
- Primary Ohms to Secondary Ohms Conversion
- Polar Coordinates to Rectangular Coordinates Conversions
Calculating Phase-to-Phase Values
- Step Distance Concept
- Errors in Protection Systems
- When to use the square root of three and when not to
- Calculate and phase-to-phase value without the square root of three
Calculating Symmetrical Components
- Positive Sequence Calculation
- Negative Sequence Calculation
- Zero Sequence Calculation
- Fuse Failure/Loss of Potential Circuits
- Forcing Neutral Current
- Directional Units
- Zero Sequence Detector Circuits
Calculating Apparent Fault Impedance
- Phase-to-Phase Fault Calculation
- Introduction to Zero Sequence Compensation Factor Coupling
- Phase-to-Ground Fault Calculation
- 3-Phase Fault Calculation
Resistance Changes Everything
- Watts Calculation
- VARS Calculation
- Line Angle and Power Factor
- Line Constants, Operating Quantities, Angle of Max Torque and Operating Characteristics
Impedance Plots
- Draw Load Vector of Fault Vectors on X-Y Diagram
- Perform the Math from Ohm’s Lawn
- Draw Load Z or Fault Z Pot on R-X Diagram
Views of a Fault
- Phase Vectors on X-Y Diagram
- Impedance Plots on R-X Diagram
- Symmetrical Component Vector Comparisons
- Sine Waves can be examined
- Harmonics can be examined
Relays by the Numbers
- Relays by IEEE Device Number
- Discussion of Mho Circles and Testing Device 21 Relay
- Discussion of 87T Tests
- Discussion of Generic Testing Requirements for other relays by IEEE Device Number
- Discussion of NERC PRC-005 Requirements of Microprocessor Relays