32 Credits
32 CEHs / CTDs
Dates
June 15 - June 18, 2026
Instructor
Stephen Holland, PE
Location
Qualus
100 Colonial Center Parkway
Suite 400
Lake Mary, FL 32746
Relay Settings Fundamentals: Transmission Protection has been specifically designed to introduce system protection calculations to engineers, engineering technicians, field relay technicians, and power industry professionals interested in taking a peek behind the curtain. This class intends to provide a high-level understanding of different protection schemes found on the transmission system, including line protection, transformer protection and bus protection. General guidelines and considerations will be presented to aid in understanding the engineering basis for various protective elements including bus differentials, transformer compensation, distance elements, overcurrent elements, reclosing, and more. Attendees will be able to leverage this course as a platform for detailed protection analysis and real-world troubleshooting.
- Entry level transmission and distribution protection and controls engineers and technicians
- Engineers in adjacent fields (system studies, transmission lines, physical substation, SCADA)
- Relay field engineers and technicians interested in protection calculation fundamentals
Introduction
- AC vs DC
- Phasor Fundamentals
- Per Unit System
- Symmetrical Components
- Instrument Transformers
- Zones of Protection
- ANSI Protection Element Reference
Short Circuit Analysis Tools
- Gridscale X APA
- ASPEN
- Other
- SKM
- ETAP
- CYME
Bus Differential Protection
- High Impedance Differentials
- Low Impedance Differentials
Transformer Protection
- Transformer Fundamentals
- Compensation
- Differential Protection
- Restricted Earth Fault Protection
- Backup Protection
Line Protection
- Overcurrent Protection
- Coordination Principles
- Distance Protection Overview
- Phase and Ground Distance
- Directionality
- Switch on to Fault
- Loss of Potential
- Line Current Differential / Pilot Protection
Capacitor Bank Protection
- Construction and Types
- Differential Protection
- Distance Protection
Reactor Bank Protection
- Differential
Breaker Failure and Control
- Breaker Failure
- Reclosing
System Stability
- Out-of-Step
- Under-Voltage/Over-Voltage
- Under-Frequency Load Shedding
Open Q&A
This seminar has been approved by the Florida Board of Professional Engineers for CEHs.